Nucleus attraction?
Answer:
The larger the nucleus (the higher the atomic number) the stronger the attraction will be on the electron, because of the increase in positive versus negative charge. The smaller the nucleus, the weaker the attraction with it's electrons, and the greater the radius. This also means that the radius of the atom will decrease going across the periodic table (with a few exceptions) even though it still increases going down. In atoms with an extra or missing electron (ions) the attraction will decrease or increase accordingly with the ratio of positive to negative charge. Remember, opposites attract.
Higher energy electrons should be moving faster (and therefore be in higher "orbits" ) than lower energy electrons. Because high energy electrons are further from the nucleus (and because other electrons will be between the nucleus and these "high" energy electrons) they will "see" a lower net positive charge from the nucleus. The attraction the nucleus exerts on these outer electrons is decreased and they are more likely to be lost or shared in chemical reactions with other atoms.
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