Explain this observation, sodium is irradiated for 2 seconds with infrared light and no electrons are ejected.



Answer:
IR light has very low energy, no where near enough energy to eject an electron. Ejecting electrons from any element will require high energy photons, like x-rays. In fact, this is the basis for XPS (ESCA) spectroscopy.
Look up the photoelectric effect. That should tell you everything you need to know.

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