Steam distillation questions..?
--The main advantage of steam distillation as a method of purification is the compounds insoluble in water may be distilled below their boiling point. Explain clearly why this is possible.
--Why are compounds boiling below 100degCelsius not subjected to steam distillation? Give at least three characteristics of a compound suitable for steam distillation.
Answer:
Because the distillate contains both water and your compound, the vapor pressure of your compound can be below one atmosphere at the boiling point of the mixture. (Raoult's Law)
Normally compounds below 100 C do not need to be steam distilled because they can be distilled directly without decomposition.
For steam distillation to work, the compound must be insoluble or only sparingly soluble in water, not subject to hydrolysis (you can't steam distill an acid chloride), and sufficiently volatile at 100 C to ensure practical recovery.
Steam distillation is a special type of distillation (a separation process) for temperature sensitive materials like natural aromatic compounds.
Many organic compounds tend to decompose at high sustained temperatures. Separation by normal distillation would then not be an option, so water or steam is introduced into the distillation apparatus. By adding water or steam the boiling points of the compounds are depressed, allowing them to evaporate at lower temperatures, preferably below the temperatures at which the deterioration of the material becomes appreciable. If the substances to be distilled are very sensitive to heat, steam distillation can also be combined with vacuum distillation. After distillation the vapors are condensed as usual, usually yielding a two-phase system of water and the organic compounds, allowing for simple separation.
Steam distillation is employed in the manufacture of essential oil, for instance, perfumes. In this method steam is passed through the plant material containing the desired oils. It is also employed in the synthetic procedures of complex organic compounds. Eucalyptus oil and orange oil are obtained by this method in industrial scale.
Steam distillation is also widely used in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants where it is commonly referred to as "steam stripping"
More Questions and Answers:
Why is it the percentage abundance is the reason why there are isotopes?
Does ripe mangoes undergo chemical change? Prove.?
What is the new volume of the bubble outside the volcano where the temperature is -25 degrees Celsius and...?
I am doing research on solutes and solvents?
Please give me a basic difinition for acids and bases?
1382-Chemistry-4.html
What element comprises most of the earth's atmosphere?
How to make oxygen from H2O at home?
For the endothermic reaction N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) what is the effect of adding NO2 to the reaction vessel?
--Why are compounds boiling below 100degCelsius not subjected to steam distillation? Give at least three characteristics of a compound suitable for steam distillation.
Answer:
Because the distillate contains both water and your compound, the vapor pressure of your compound can be below one atmosphere at the boiling point of the mixture. (Raoult's Law)
Normally compounds below 100 C do not need to be steam distilled because they can be distilled directly without decomposition.
For steam distillation to work, the compound must be insoluble or only sparingly soluble in water, not subject to hydrolysis (you can't steam distill an acid chloride), and sufficiently volatile at 100 C to ensure practical recovery.
Steam distillation is a special type of distillation (a separation process) for temperature sensitive materials like natural aromatic compounds.
Many organic compounds tend to decompose at high sustained temperatures. Separation by normal distillation would then not be an option, so water or steam is introduced into the distillation apparatus. By adding water or steam the boiling points of the compounds are depressed, allowing them to evaporate at lower temperatures, preferably below the temperatures at which the deterioration of the material becomes appreciable. If the substances to be distilled are very sensitive to heat, steam distillation can also be combined with vacuum distillation. After distillation the vapors are condensed as usual, usually yielding a two-phase system of water and the organic compounds, allowing for simple separation.
Steam distillation is employed in the manufacture of essential oil, for instance, perfumes. In this method steam is passed through the plant material containing the desired oils. It is also employed in the synthetic procedures of complex organic compounds. Eucalyptus oil and orange oil are obtained by this method in industrial scale.
Steam distillation is also widely used in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants where it is commonly referred to as "steam stripping"
The answers post by the user, for information only, FunQA.com does not guarantee the right.
More Questions and Answers: