What is distillation?
I know it sounds stupid but loads of people have tried to explain it to me but they say it in different ways so I am confuzzled! What is distillation? I do understand about you heating the liquids up and then they condense in that cool thing but then what happens next? The one that reaches it's boiling point first, does that drip into the other beaker but the one that reaches it's boiling point last will condense and then drip into the same bowl so they will be mixed up again? I AM CONFUZZLED! Please help!
Answer:
Distillation is a method of separating chemical substances based on differences in their volatilities. Distillation usually forms part of a larger chemical process, and is thus referred to as a unit operation.
This will explain it for you http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/distillatio...
Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. To separate a mixture of liquids, the liquid can be heated to force components, which have different boiling points, into the gas phase. The gas is then condensed back into liquid form and collected. Repeating the process on the collected liquid to improve the purity of the product is called double distillation. Although the term is most commonly applied to liquids, the reverse process can be used to separate gases by liquefying components using changes in temperature and/or pressure.
Distillation is used for many commercial processes, such as production of gasoline, distilled water, xylene, alcohol, paraffin, kerosene, and many other liquids. Types of distillation include simple distillation (described here), fractional distillation (different volatile 'fractions' are collected as they are produced), and destructive distillation (usually, a material is heated so that it decomposes into compounds for collection).
Distillation is a separation technique by which two different liquids with different boiling points can be separated.
Say you have liquid X and liquid Y, Y has the lower b.p.
So I stick them into a distillation apparatus and begin to heat the mixture.
- So I reach Y's boiling point, but I have not reached X's. Y starts going from liquid to gas up the tube and into the condenser and I collect this in a beaker. I keep the temperature of the mixture at around Y's boiling point.
- Now when the mixture stops bubbling, I know that all of Y has been distilled out - no more gaseous Y is formed, I have separated liquid X from Y. I can cool liquid X and put that into another beaker - this is simple distillation.
Fractional distillation involves a mixture of more than 2 liquids, so in this case, I would repeat the above until one liquid is left in the flask, changing the beaker for each component distilled.
Distillation is a technique ussed to separate two miscible liquids, based on their boiling points. The one with the lower boiling point will evaporate into the condenser and on cooling will drip into the beaker. The one dripping back into the "bowl" (round bottom flask) is the same one. It's just that it has condensed when it touches the cool surface of the still head. The distillation process is continued until no more liquid drips into the beaker. This indicates that the mixtures are fully separated.
They don't have to cool liquid 'X'. It will remain in the round bottom flask.
Distillation is the separation of 2 or more substances from a mixture according to their different boiling points.
It is best carried out using a 'Reflux' column attached to your distillation flask with the thermometer opposite the outlet to the condenser.
*...When you start the process, the lowest boiling component of the mixture will boil first.
*...As the mixture begins to boil, observe the vapour rising up in the reflux column. As the vapour rises, you'll see some of it begin to condense in the cooler part of the column bottom and fall back into the flask...This is the 'Reflux' and mostly consists of the heavier components. This and careful control of the heat input to the flask, controls the separation process..
*...(Don't allow the mixture in the flask to boil too rapidly as this will carry heavier components up into the vapour phase too soon).
*...As the mixture gets hotter, more vapour will rise and eventually, while some of the vapour condenses and falls back, it re-condenses the heavier fractions out of the rising vapour while the lighter gases will continure to rise until it begins to register as a temperature increase on the thermometer.
*...Vapour will now flow into the condenser, liquefy and drop into the receiver.
*...At the first drop of liquid to enter the receiver, note the temperature which has now steadied out and is the boiling temperature of the lightest component.
*...This is the 'Initial Boiling Point' (IBP) of the mixture and the liquid will be the lightest component of the mixture.
*...Carefully watch that temperature. At the moment it begins to rise again, you're beginning to get the vapour of the 2nd lightest component.
*...Immediately change the receiver for a clean one and, when the thermometer again settles down to a steady temperature, you will be collecting the 2nd lightest component into the receiver.
*...Repeat the procedure if there's any other liquid in the mixture until the flask is about empty and the flow into the receiver is finished. At this point, note the temperature, it is the 'Final Boiling Point (FBP) of the mixture.
*...There will probably be a small deposit of 'gooey' looking material in the bottom of the flask...this is called 'Residue'.
*...The separated products won't be 100% pure but, they will be quite close.
Good Luck...
I love you for the word 'Confuzzled' haha
This website link will help you.
http://chemistry.about.com/cs/5/f/bldist...
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Answer:
Distillation is a method of separating chemical substances based on differences in their volatilities. Distillation usually forms part of a larger chemical process, and is thus referred to as a unit operation.
This will explain it for you http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/distillatio...
Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. To separate a mixture of liquids, the liquid can be heated to force components, which have different boiling points, into the gas phase. The gas is then condensed back into liquid form and collected. Repeating the process on the collected liquid to improve the purity of the product is called double distillation. Although the term is most commonly applied to liquids, the reverse process can be used to separate gases by liquefying components using changes in temperature and/or pressure.
Distillation is used for many commercial processes, such as production of gasoline, distilled water, xylene, alcohol, paraffin, kerosene, and many other liquids. Types of distillation include simple distillation (described here), fractional distillation (different volatile 'fractions' are collected as they are produced), and destructive distillation (usually, a material is heated so that it decomposes into compounds for collection).
Distillation is a separation technique by which two different liquids with different boiling points can be separated.
Say you have liquid X and liquid Y, Y has the lower b.p.
So I stick them into a distillation apparatus and begin to heat the mixture.
- So I reach Y's boiling point, but I have not reached X's. Y starts going from liquid to gas up the tube and into the condenser and I collect this in a beaker. I keep the temperature of the mixture at around Y's boiling point.
- Now when the mixture stops bubbling, I know that all of Y has been distilled out - no more gaseous Y is formed, I have separated liquid X from Y. I can cool liquid X and put that into another beaker - this is simple distillation.
Fractional distillation involves a mixture of more than 2 liquids, so in this case, I would repeat the above until one liquid is left in the flask, changing the beaker for each component distilled.
Distillation is a technique ussed to separate two miscible liquids, based on their boiling points. The one with the lower boiling point will evaporate into the condenser and on cooling will drip into the beaker. The one dripping back into the "bowl" (round bottom flask) is the same one. It's just that it has condensed when it touches the cool surface of the still head. The distillation process is continued until no more liquid drips into the beaker. This indicates that the mixtures are fully separated.
They don't have to cool liquid 'X'. It will remain in the round bottom flask.
Distillation is the separation of 2 or more substances from a mixture according to their different boiling points.
It is best carried out using a 'Reflux' column attached to your distillation flask with the thermometer opposite the outlet to the condenser.
*...When you start the process, the lowest boiling component of the mixture will boil first.
*...As the mixture begins to boil, observe the vapour rising up in the reflux column. As the vapour rises, you'll see some of it begin to condense in the cooler part of the column bottom and fall back into the flask...This is the 'Reflux' and mostly consists of the heavier components. This and careful control of the heat input to the flask, controls the separation process..
*...(Don't allow the mixture in the flask to boil too rapidly as this will carry heavier components up into the vapour phase too soon).
*...As the mixture gets hotter, more vapour will rise and eventually, while some of the vapour condenses and falls back, it re-condenses the heavier fractions out of the rising vapour while the lighter gases will continure to rise until it begins to register as a temperature increase on the thermometer.
*...Vapour will now flow into the condenser, liquefy and drop into the receiver.
*...At the first drop of liquid to enter the receiver, note the temperature which has now steadied out and is the boiling temperature of the lightest component.
*...This is the 'Initial Boiling Point' (IBP) of the mixture and the liquid will be the lightest component of the mixture.
*...Carefully watch that temperature. At the moment it begins to rise again, you're beginning to get the vapour of the 2nd lightest component.
*...Immediately change the receiver for a clean one and, when the thermometer again settles down to a steady temperature, you will be collecting the 2nd lightest component into the receiver.
*...Repeat the procedure if there's any other liquid in the mixture until the flask is about empty and the flow into the receiver is finished. At this point, note the temperature, it is the 'Final Boiling Point (FBP) of the mixture.
*...There will probably be a small deposit of 'gooey' looking material in the bottom of the flask...this is called 'Residue'.
*...The separated products won't be 100% pure but, they will be quite close.
Good Luck...
I love you for the word 'Confuzzled' haha
This website link will help you.
http://chemistry.about.com/cs/5/f/bldist...
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