Anhydrous Ammonia?
Answer:
The toxicity of ammonia solutions does not usually cause problems for humans and other mammals, as a specific mechanism exists to prevent its build-up in the bloodstream.
What are the main health hazards associated with breathing in Ammonia gas?
Ammonia gas is a severe respiratory tract irritant. It is noticeable by smell at 0.6 to 53 ppm. Volunteers have first noticed nose and throat irritation at concentrations as low as 24 ppm after 2-6 hours exposure. A 10-minute exposure to 30 ppm was considered faintly irritating by 2/6 volunteers, while 50 ppm was considered moderately irritating by 4/6. Irritation of the nose and throat was noticeable in 5/10 and 10/10 volunteers after a 5-minute exposure to 72 or 134 ppm. At 500 ppm, immediate and severe irritation of nose, and throat occurs. Brief exposure to concentrations above 1500 ppm can cause pulmonary edema, a potentially fatal accumulation of fluid in the lungs. The symptoms of pulmonary edema (tightness in the chest and difficulty breathing) may not develop for 1-24 hours after an exposure. Numerous cases of fatal ammonia exposure have been reported, but actual exposure levels have not been well documented. If the victim survives, complete recovery may occur depending on the extent of injury to the respiratory tract and lungs. However, long-term respiratory system and lung disorders have been observed following severe short-term exposures to ammonia.
People repeatedly exposed to ammonia may develop a tolerance (or acclimatization) to the irritating effects after a few weeks. Tolerance means that higher levels of exposure are required to produce effects earlier seen at lower concentrations.
to the smallest amounts-no, but it is generally quite toxic.
inhalation of more than 500ppm if lethal.
http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/msds/am/ammoni...
No, not the smallest amount.
The Materials Data Safety Sheet reports:
"... Concentrations of up to 25 PPM are tolerated although unpleasant and pungent. Above this concentration, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat may begin. The extent of irritation increases with increasing ammonia concentration.
"Eye and throat irritation is more pronounced between 100 and 400 PPM. Above 400 PPM, skin irritation is noticeable and immediate throat irritation and coughing will result. NIOSH has established 500 PPM as the concentration immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), which is defined as the concentration above which self-rescue may be difficult or impossible due to physiological effects. "
Anhydrous ammonia (NH3) is used in great quantity as a fertilizer. Safety Precautions are usually necessary, but not costly.
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