Discuss the criteria need for a good buffer solution & name the field of application of buffer solutions.?
Answer:
To get a good buffer solution you need only a strong acid with a weak base or a strong base with a weak acid. The best buffer solutions are salts of each other.
For example using acetic acid CH3COOH and sodium acetate CH3COO- +Na together in an aqueous solution. Depending on h ow much of both you use, you will want to keep the pH either really acidic or really basic. At or near the equivalence point there is no longer a buffer solution and pH changes rapidly.
The Ka value of acetic acid is 1.8x10^-5. Therefore using the buffer equation:
[H3O+] = 1.8x10^-5 * (Cacid / Cbase)
where Cacid and Csalt is the concentration of the acid and the salt that you put in. To get these values take how much of the solid you put in and dissolve it by total volume of water.
Once you get a value for [H3O+] take the -log of it and you will get pH :-)
Practically applications of buffer solutions are endless. Your body uses a buffer solution in the blood to prevent your blood from changing pH too rapidly. Calcium carbonate has this role in your body. Another practical application is the chlorine in pool. NaCl (table salt) is added to to pools along with chlorine to prevent the pool from becoming too acidic or too basic.
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