Organic chemistry?
what type of reaction for bromoethane and what is positive test for bromoehtane, also with cyclohexen, butan-1-ol, water,
Answer:
you should ask Mini Driver, she was on Good Will Hunting on BBC1 the other night and she was doing Organic Chemistry at some big-shot, Ivy League college.
hope this helps.
what i do know,
add bromine solution
=> decolourises means c-c double bond
=> cyclohexene
add silver nitrate
=> cream precipitate means bromide ions
=> bromoethane
add anhydrous cobalt chloride
=> colour change from blue to pink means water present
=> water
Haloalkanes react readily with a number of reagents undergoing nucleophilic substitution reactions. Iodioalkanes react more readily than bromoalkanes which react more readily than chloroalkanes. Some common reactions include:
(1) Reaction with Potassium hydroxide.
Potassium hydroxide in aqueous solution reacts with bromo ethane on refluxing to produce an alcohol. this is a substitution reaction.
CH3 CH2Br + OH- >>> CH3CH2OH(ethenol) + Br-
A different reaction takes place if the bromoethane is refluxed with a solution of potassium hydroxide and ethenol. This reaction is an elimination reaction and produces an alkene CH2=CH2 (ethene)
CH3CH2Br + OH- >>> CH2=CH2 + Br + H2O
When Bromoethane is heated with moist silver(1) oxide Hydrolosis occurs
2CH3CH2Br + Ag2O + H2O >>> 2AgBr + 2CH3CH2OH
(2) Reaction of bromoethane and potassium cyanide.
Bromoethane is converted to a nitrile(or cyanide) by refluxing with a solution of potassium cyanide and ethenol.
CH3CH2Br + KCN >>> CH3CH2CN (Propanenitrile) + KBr.
This reaction is an important step in increasing the number of carbon atoms in a molecule, called ascending the homologous series.
(3) Reaction bromoalkane with ammonia.
When a solution of bromoethane is heated with ammonia in a sealed vessel , an amine is produced.
CHCH2Br + NH3 >>> CH3CH2NH2 (ethylamine) + HBr
This reaction continues
Ch3CH2NH2+ CH3CH2Br >>> (CH3CH2)2NH(diehylamine) + HBr
(CH3CH2)NH + CH3CH2Br.>>> (triethylamine)
and finaly to produce tetraethylammonium bromide which is a quarternary ammonium salt which are used as fabric softeners.
(4) Reaction of bromoethane and a sodium salt of carboxylic acid.
This reaction produces an ester.
CH3CH2Br + CH3COONa(Sodium ethenoate) >>> CH3COOCH2CH3 (ethylethenoate) + NaBr
(5) Reaction or a bromoethane and a alkoxide
an ether is produced (Williamsons synthasis)
(6) Formation of Grignard reagents.
Test for halogen in compound:
Add a few drops of nitric acid (the nitric acid removes any other ions that could form a precipitate. HCl is not a suitable acid as it contains the chloride ion and will give a false reading) and then add a few drops of silver nitrate, this will form a precipitate of different colours depending on the halide present.
Chloride - white
Bromide - cream
Iodine Yellow.
Next do the same for cyclohexane , butane-1-ol and water.
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Answer:
you should ask Mini Driver, she was on Good Will Hunting on BBC1 the other night and she was doing Organic Chemistry at some big-shot, Ivy League college.
hope this helps.
what i do know,
add bromine solution
=> decolourises means c-c double bond
=> cyclohexene
add silver nitrate
=> cream precipitate means bromide ions
=> bromoethane
add anhydrous cobalt chloride
=> colour change from blue to pink means water present
=> water
Haloalkanes react readily with a number of reagents undergoing nucleophilic substitution reactions. Iodioalkanes react more readily than bromoalkanes which react more readily than chloroalkanes. Some common reactions include:
(1) Reaction with Potassium hydroxide.
Potassium hydroxide in aqueous solution reacts with bromo ethane on refluxing to produce an alcohol. this is a substitution reaction.
CH3 CH2Br + OH- >>> CH3CH2OH(ethenol) + Br-
A different reaction takes place if the bromoethane is refluxed with a solution of potassium hydroxide and ethenol. This reaction is an elimination reaction and produces an alkene CH2=CH2 (ethene)
CH3CH2Br + OH- >>> CH2=CH2 + Br + H2O
When Bromoethane is heated with moist silver(1) oxide Hydrolosis occurs
2CH3CH2Br + Ag2O + H2O >>> 2AgBr + 2CH3CH2OH
(2) Reaction of bromoethane and potassium cyanide.
Bromoethane is converted to a nitrile(or cyanide) by refluxing with a solution of potassium cyanide and ethenol.
CH3CH2Br + KCN >>> CH3CH2CN (Propanenitrile) + KBr.
This reaction is an important step in increasing the number of carbon atoms in a molecule, called ascending the homologous series.
(3) Reaction bromoalkane with ammonia.
When a solution of bromoethane is heated with ammonia in a sealed vessel , an amine is produced.
CHCH2Br + NH3 >>> CH3CH2NH2 (ethylamine) + HBr
This reaction continues
Ch3CH2NH2+ CH3CH2Br >>> (CH3CH2)2NH(diehylamine) + HBr
(CH3CH2)NH + CH3CH2Br.>>> (triethylamine)
and finaly to produce tetraethylammonium bromide which is a quarternary ammonium salt which are used as fabric softeners.
(4) Reaction of bromoethane and a sodium salt of carboxylic acid.
This reaction produces an ester.
CH3CH2Br + CH3COONa(Sodium ethenoate) >>> CH3COOCH2CH3 (ethylethenoate) + NaBr
(5) Reaction or a bromoethane and a alkoxide
an ether is produced (Williamsons synthasis)
(6) Formation of Grignard reagents.
Test for halogen in compound:
Add a few drops of nitric acid (the nitric acid removes any other ions that could form a precipitate. HCl is not a suitable acid as it contains the chloride ion and will give a false reading) and then add a few drops of silver nitrate, this will form a precipitate of different colours depending on the halide present.
Chloride - white
Bromide - cream
Iodine Yellow.
Next do the same for cyclohexane , butane-1-ol and water.
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