How to distinguish between primary alcohols, secondary alcohols , tertiary alcohols, aldehydes and ketones?
Answer:
Primary Alcohol: the carbon atom to which OH group is attached, only one more carbon atom is attached e.g CH3--CH2
|
OH
Secondary Alcohol: the carbon having OH group is attached to two other carbon atoms e.g
CH3--CH--CH3
|
OH
Tertiary Alcohol:
in which carbon having OH group is attached to three carbon atoms e.g
CH3
|
CH3---C---CH3
|
OH
Aldehyde: The compounds having formyl group as functional group i.e
H
|
---C==O
e.g
H
|
CH3--C==O
Ketones:
those having carboxylic group i.e
|
----C===O
e.g
CH3
|
CH3---C===O
the difference is in the number of carbon atoms in the molecule (and thus the length of the chain)
if i remember correctly, ethanol is C2H6O1 and methanol is C1H401
There are three major subsets of alcohols: 'primary' (1°), 'secondary' (2°) and 'tertiary' (3°), based upon the number of carbons the C-OH carbon is bonded to. Methanol is the simplest 'primary' . The simplest secondary alcohol is isopropyl alcohol (propan-2-ol), and a simple tertiary alcohol is tert-butyl alcohol (2-methylpropan-2-ol).
CH3OH
( CH3 )2 CHOH
( CH3 )3 C-OH
Aldehydes - R -CHO ( where R is alkyl aryl, allyl )
Ketones - R -- C=O ( where R is alkyl aryl, allyl )
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