What is the most recalcitrant commercial azo dye ?
What is the hardest to degrade azo dyes used in most textile industries.
Answer:
If you are talking color degradation, reactive azo dyes will be the biggest problem for a wastewater treatment system. They can only be removed through advanced oxidation such as ozone or chlorine treatment. Disperse dyes will also be a problem, but having little solubility, will be easily removed.
Within the reactive dyes, you will also see large differences. The simplier molecular structures will be easier to decolor. It also seems that certain reds are much more stable, although that is a generalization.
If you are talking biological degradation, almost all current dyes are very hard to degrade, most having a BOD5 of near 0 mg/kg.
My guess, and this is only a guess is that some of the blacks will be the most difficult because many times they are a mixture and what will fade one color component may not fade another. Very few actual 'black' organic dyes.
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Answer:
If you are talking color degradation, reactive azo dyes will be the biggest problem for a wastewater treatment system. They can only be removed through advanced oxidation such as ozone or chlorine treatment. Disperse dyes will also be a problem, but having little solubility, will be easily removed.
Within the reactive dyes, you will also see large differences. The simplier molecular structures will be easier to decolor. It also seems that certain reds are much more stable, although that is a generalization.
If you are talking biological degradation, almost all current dyes are very hard to degrade, most having a BOD5 of near 0 mg/kg.
My guess, and this is only a guess is that some of the blacks will be the most difficult because many times they are a mixture and what will fade one color component may not fade another. Very few actual 'black' organic dyes.
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