What is isomer?
Answer:
An isomer is a molecule that can exist in at least two forms, often more. The isomers contain exactly the same atoms, but bonded together in a different way. Therefore, their molecular mass is the same. But-1-ene and but-2-ene are isomers, because in but-1-ene, the carbon double bond is located on the first and second carbon. On but-2-ene, this double bond is located on the second and third carbon. This subtle change can have a massive effect on their stability and their chemical and physical characteristics such as melting point.
There are different types of isomers. Optical isomers are non-superimposable, mirror images of each other (like our hands) and structural isomers have a group or atom that can be bonded to different carbons within the molecule.
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Atoms of different elements having same mass number but different atomic numer is called an isomer.
isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula, but have different arrangements of the atoms in them. the difference might be just in connectivity, the position of the functional group or it might be the arrangement in 3D space. based on that you have structural, positional, optical and so on isomers.
isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula (and often with the same kinds of bonds between atoms) but different structural formula i.e. a different arrangement of atoms between the bonds.
There are two main forms of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
Isomers :
In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of chemical bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently (analogous to a chemical anagram). That is to say, they have different structural formulae. Many isomers share similar if not identical properties in most chemical contexts. This should not be confused with a nuclear isomer, which involvA simple example of isomerism is given by propanol: it has the formula C3H8O (or C3H7OH) and two isomers propan-1-ol (n-propyl alcohol; I) and propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol; II)
Note that the position of the oxygen atom differs between the two: it is attached to an end carbon in the first isomer, and to the center carbon in the second. The number of possible isomers increases rapidly as the number of atoms increases; for example the next largest alcohol, named butanol (C4H10O), has four different isomers.
In the example above it should also be noted that in both isomers all the bonds are single bonds; there is no type of bond that appears in one isomer and not in the other. Also the number of bonds is the same. From the structures of the two molecules it could be deduced that their chemical stabilities are liable to be identical or nearly so.
There is, however, another isomer of C3H8O which has significantly different properties: methoxyethane (III). Notice that unlike the top two examples, the oxygen is connected to two carbons rather than to one carbon and one hydrogen. As it lacks a hydroxyl group, the above molecule is no longer considered an alcohol but is classified as an ether, and has chemical properties more similar to other ethers than to either of the above alcohol isomers.
.Nuclear Isomer :
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its protons or neutrons or both. A nuclear isomer occupies a higher energy state than the corresponding non-excited nucleus, called the ground state. The nuclear isomer will sooner or later release the extra energy and decay into the ground state.
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