Who will explain ?
Answer:
VERY SIMPLE BUDDY:----
Diazonium salt such as benzene diazonium cholride is prepared by diazotisation reaction. In this reaction an ice cold solution of sodium nitrirte dissoved in excess of dilute HCl and the reaction take place is:----
C6H5NH2 + HCl---ice cold-------->C6H5NH3Cl
NaNO2 + HCl--ice cold----> NaCl + HONO
C6H5NH3Cl + HONO--icecold--->C6H5N2Cl + 2H2O
U can ialso write charges on N & Cl
PRECAUTIONS:---
It must be caried out in ice cold solution because at higher temp. benzene diazonium chloride formed react with water to form phenol.
2) HCl acid must be added in excess.
3) benzene diazonium chloride is unstable and decompose with explosion when dried. hence it should be used in the solution as such.
Aniline (Phenylamine) is produced industrially from benzene.
The benzene is first converted to nitrobenzene which is in turn reduced to phenylamine.
The benzene is treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. The mixture is held at this temperature for about half an hour. Yellow oily nitrobenzene is formed.
Nitrobenzene is reduced to phenylammonium ions using a mixture of tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid. The mixture is heated under reflux in a boiling water bath for about half an hour.
Under the acidic conditions, rather than getting phenylamine directly, you instead get phenylammonium ions formed. The lone pair on the nitrogen in the phenylamine picks up a hydrogen ion from the acid.
All you need to do is to remove the hydrogen ion from the -NH3+ group.
Sodium hydroxide solution is added to the product of the first stage of the reaction.
The phenylamine is formed together with a complicated mixture of tin compounds from reactions between the sodium hydroxide solution and the complex tin ions formed during the first stage.
The phenylamine is finally separated from this mixture. The separation is long, tedious and potentially dangerous - involving steam distillation, solvent extraction and a final distillation.
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