Show with the aid of a form of the Nernst equation that when using a pH sensitive glass electrode and reference electrode that the measured potential is proportional to pH.
Answer:
The Nernst equation states that
E = E ° - 0.059/n * log Q
Q is the reaction quotient, active mass of products divided by active mass of reactants.
The glass electrode half reaction can be written as
H2 -----> 2H(+) + 2e(-)
Substituting in the Nernst equation we have
E = E° - 0.059/2 * log [H+]2 / [H2]
At constant H2, also we know E° is zero. So,
E = -0.059/2 * log [H+]2
E = -0.059 * log [H+]
E = 0.059 * pH
Thus, E is directly proportional to the pH of the solution, as -log[H+] is defined to be pH
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