How do you calculate the amortization of mortgages?

For example, if I had a $10,000 mortgage over 5 years at 5%, I know that the interest in the first year would be $500 and the principal in the first year would be $1810. I can use excels spreadsheet function to figure that out, but I can't figure out how the math works. Can anyone give me a help?

Answer:
I could use my financial calculator to figure it out, by hell, I'm too lazy to even watch TV.

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