What are open loop and closed loop systems?
Answer:
if for any given input there is a feed back from output ,ie i/p and output are compared then the system is closed loop system
for open loop there will b no feed back i/p is independent of output
The closed system as one that does not exchange matter with the surroundings, maybe concerned with many types of energies; examples: a radio tube, a transistor, a thermocouple, a gas thermometer, a structural beam, a fluid undergoing one or more processes as in fluids enclosed by the piston and cylinder, or a fluid may be flowing, as in a steam power plant.
Many of the systems related to the manufacture of power are open systems (mass crosses its boundaries)...
Open Loop Control System:
As we stated previously, an open-loop control system is controlled directly, and only, by an input signal. The basic units of this type consist only of an amplifier and a motor. The amplifier receives a low- level input signal and amplifies it enough to drive the motor to perform the desired job. The open-loop control system is shown in basic block diagram form in figure 2-1. With this system, the input is a signal that is fed to the amplifier. The output of the amplifier is proportional to the amplitude of the input signal. The phase (ac system) and polarity (dc system) of the input signal determines the direction that the motor shaft will turn. After amplification, the input signal is fed to the motor, which moves the output shaft (load) in the direction that corresponds with the input signal. The motor will not stop driving the output shaft until the input signal is reduced to zero or removed. This system usually requires an operator who controls speed and direction of movement of the output by varying the input. The operator could be controlling the input by either a mechanical or an electrical linkage.
Closed Loop Systems:
A closed-loop controller uses feedback to control states or outputs of a dynamical system. Its name comes from the information path in the system: process inputs (e.g. voltage applied to an electric motor) have an effect on the process outputs (e.g. velocity or torque of the motor), which is measured with sensors and processed by the controller; the result (the control signal) is used as input to the process, closing the loop.
The most common type of geothermal installation is a closed loop system. The heat exchanger - a loop of piping filled with fluid - is buried underground.
The fluid circulates continuously inside the buried pipe, absorbing heat from the earth during the winter for use inside your home or business. In warmer months, the fluid takes heat from indoors and transfers it back into the earth.
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