How conduction band is formed in semiconductor?
Answer:
You answered your own question! A completely isolated atom (ideal) has the quantized bohr levels etc (assumed), which you know of. But external forces (attraction etc) start acting when atoms come closer, and the otherwise quantized energy level splits into an energy "band", ie: instead of an electron being at a FIXED energy level, it now has a range where the probability of finding it is the same. At the distance which the atoms have found to exist in crystal lattices, the band "breaks" into two parts, with a "node" in between, namely, the valence and conduction bands.
Conduction band, according to the energy bandgap theory, refers to electrons that have gained sufficient energy to free themselves from their respective atoms and move around.
Electrons can gain energy from a voltage or heat source.
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