Question on turbocharging?
explain how the following improvement may be made to the efficiencies of ic power units:
a. turbocharging
b. turbocharging and intercooling
c. cooling systems and exhaust gas heat recovery systems
Answer:
Ok,
A turbocharger consists of a turbine which is driven by exhaust gas. The turbine drives an air pump (or compressor) which boosts the air pressure to the Intake manifold. The increased Intake pressure packs more fuel and air into the cylinders thereby increasing the power developed by each cylinder.
When the turbocharger boosts the air pressure to the inlet, it also heats it (P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2, pressure increases, temperature increases). An intercooler is used in many systems to cool a compressed gas down between stages. With the turbocharger combined with an intercooler, we are not only compressing the air to allow us to pack more in the same volume, by cooling it, we reduce it's volume (or increase it's density) allowing us to pack an even greater volume of air and fuel into a cylinder.
The place you will see intercoolers used to the greatest extent is in a compression train to either recompress gas to reinject it into the ground (in oil processing) or to make liquid gases. In either operation there are multiple compression stages with intercooling inbetween.
With exhaust gas heat recovery systems, we use the waste heat in the exhaust to provide power often by making steam in a boiler.
Where I have seen all 3 used is onboard a ship. We had twin 12 cylinder diesels turning out a combined 38,000 HP. Both diesels were turbocharged and used cooling to the intake. In addition we ran a waste heat boiler from the exhaust after it passed thru the turbo. From the waste heat boiler, we ran a steam turbo generator to make 750 kw of electricity to run all the electric onboard. Of course, when you are running a steam boiler, you have to have cooling. After you've taken all the energy you can extract from the steam, you use a condenser to cool the steam back to 100% water so you can pump it back to the boiler.
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a. turbocharging
b. turbocharging and intercooling
c. cooling systems and exhaust gas heat recovery systems
Answer:
Ok,
A turbocharger consists of a turbine which is driven by exhaust gas. The turbine drives an air pump (or compressor) which boosts the air pressure to the Intake manifold. The increased Intake pressure packs more fuel and air into the cylinders thereby increasing the power developed by each cylinder.
When the turbocharger boosts the air pressure to the inlet, it also heats it (P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2, pressure increases, temperature increases). An intercooler is used in many systems to cool a compressed gas down between stages. With the turbocharger combined with an intercooler, we are not only compressing the air to allow us to pack more in the same volume, by cooling it, we reduce it's volume (or increase it's density) allowing us to pack an even greater volume of air and fuel into a cylinder.
The place you will see intercoolers used to the greatest extent is in a compression train to either recompress gas to reinject it into the ground (in oil processing) or to make liquid gases. In either operation there are multiple compression stages with intercooling inbetween.
With exhaust gas heat recovery systems, we use the waste heat in the exhaust to provide power often by making steam in a boiler.
Where I have seen all 3 used is onboard a ship. We had twin 12 cylinder diesels turning out a combined 38,000 HP. Both diesels were turbocharged and used cooling to the intake. In addition we ran a waste heat boiler from the exhaust after it passed thru the turbo. From the waste heat boiler, we ran a steam turbo generator to make 750 kw of electricity to run all the electric onboard. Of course, when you are running a steam boiler, you have to have cooling. After you've taken all the energy you can extract from the steam, you use a condenser to cool the steam back to 100% water so you can pump it back to the boiler.
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