How the zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown of p-n junction occurs ?
Answer:
When the reverse bias of the PN junction is made too high, the current increases abruptly. The vge at which this occurs is known as breakdown vge.
when reverse bias is high, electric field at the junction increases and causes covalent bonds to break. Thus a large number of carriers are generated & causes a large current flow. This is zener breakdown(upto 4V)
When the increased electric field causes increase in the velocities of minority carriers, they break covalent bonds & generate a lot of carriers. Thus a large current flows. This is avalanche breakdown(occurs in voltages >6V)
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