What does Kappa studies measure?
What is a good result?
Where can you find industry standards for kappa
Answer:
*Kappa:
Used in regression analysis, Kappa represents the ratio of the dollar price change in the price of an option to a 1% change in the expected price volatility.
*The fiber kappa number distribution of pulp may have a substantial impact on pulp properties and processing costs. Traditionally, methods of measuring the kappa number distribution have been tedious, requiring a considerable effort in the lab to process a single sample. Previous work at the University of Washington yielded a fluorescence microscopy method for measuring the kappa number of a single fiber. This method has now been incorporated into a flow-through instrument that can measure the kappa numbers of thousands of fibers in a period of minutes.
Initial applications of the instrument showed that commercial pulps tend to have kappa number distributions that are significantly wider than those of carefully prepared laboratory pulps. Chip thickness was identified as a contributor to variability in kappa number, as predicted by a diffusion-limited model of pulping. One study suggested that anthraquinone
1. the 9,10 quinone derivative of anthracene, used in dye manufacture.
2. any of the derivatives of this compound, some of which are dyes. They occur in aloes, cascara sagrada, senna, and rhubarb and are cathartic. improves lignin lignin (lĭg`nĭn), a highly polymerized and complex chemical compound especially common in woody plants. The cellulose walls of the wood become impregnated with lignin, a process called lignification, which greatly increases the strength and hardness of the cell and gives the necessary rigidity to the tree. reactivity at the end of a kraft cook, allowing delignification to continue at a high rate for the low-kappa-number fibers in the distribution.
*The Kappa number is an indication of the lignin content or bleachability of pulp. It measures the amount of bleach required during digestion of a wood pulp (part of the process of paper making) in order to obtain a pulp with agiven degree of whiteness. Since the amount of bleach needed is related to the lignin content of the pulp, the Kappa number can be used to monitor the effectiveness of the lignin-extraction process. The number is in the range of 1-100 (10-70 for most types of wood) and is established by measuring the amount of a standard potassium permanganate solution that is absorbed by the pulp being considered. For details please see ISO 302 2004, which may be purchased from the International Standards Organization (ISO) or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Kappa is a statical technique /method.
The theory behind it is unimportant as you can use minitab to find the results.
The highest value is always a max at 1 and the lowest value 0.
It deepens on your hypothesis as to which you want. If you wanted to know if the results are equal then the result would be 1for the same or 0 for a difference.
There are no industry std for Kappa as its a Vari analysis so each case needs interpreting also as stated it depends if you want to disprove or prove something .
Either go for 0 or 1 any thing toward 0.5 shows max uncertainty
Use a six sigma www. to find a use as there are many and they are varied.
As to CPL just the kind of person who has no idea what he is talking about but knows how to use a search engine.
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