Surveying tools?
Answer:
Depends on how high tech you want to get. You usually have a "Rod" and a "Transit". The rod is usually a flat board that has foot marks painted on it in black and white. The transit has a pair of cross hairs that you line up with the rod. Counting the foot marks between the hairs gives you distance... counting foot marks above or below the center line gives you change in elevation (if your transit is level).
Here's a great picture:
http://www.geocities.com/trainhead391/su...
New tools replace the rod with a pole that has a prism on it and the transit has an "EDM" or electronic distance measurer that uses a laser that bounces off the prism on the rod.
http://www.ckl.co.nz/images/phil%20&%20p...
Even newer tools are a backpack satellite survey tool. The recording instrument straps to your back and is connected to a rod that is a GPS receiver. Whenever you need to take a survey, you stop with the rod on the survey spot and take a reading and then keep walking.
http://www.ckl.co.nz/images/clive%20gps.
Here's an web site attached to the previous picture that shows how to survey with the classic instruments:
http://www.geocities.com/trainhead391/su...
Here's the picture source for the modern instruments:
http://www.ckl.co.nz/index.asp?pageid=21...
Older methods used by many old geologists are the "Pace and Compass" method and the "Plan Table and Alidade".
http://www.geosc.psu.edu/alumni/field_ca...
I used this a lot in college...
http://www.ascscientific.com/brunton.htm...
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