What is the basic principle of a Torque converter?
Answer:
*Transfer torque between two driveline axes as function of their relative angular velocity.
*A torque converter couples two driveline axes, transferring torque and angular motion by the hydrodynamic action of a viscous fluid. Unlike a friction clutch, it cannot lock the axes together. The Torque Converter block models a torque converter acting between the two connector ports I and T as a function of the relative angular velocity of the two connected driveline axes. The input is the connector port into which power flows into the block. The output is the connector port from which power flows out of the block. The I port represents the impeller or pump. The T port represents the turbine. Forward power flow means power flowing from I to T. Reverse power flow means power flowing from T to I. Forward motion means the relative angular velocity ,
ω = ωT – ωI > 0.
Because the coupling of the axes occurs by viscous action, the torque transfer depends on this difference ω. In normal operation, the two axes have different speeds, and the output T axis speed never exactly reaches the input I axis speed (ω < 0). The torque transfer is largest when |ω| is large and shrinks as |ω| shrinks. Because |ω| can never reach zero exactly, a torque converter always transfers some torque.
*Speed Ratio, Torque Ratio, and Capacity Factor:
You specify the torque ratio and the capacity factor of the torque converter as discrete functions of the speed ratio with tabular vector entries. The three vectors of the independent and two dependent variable values must have the same length.
The speed ratio Rω is the output angular speed divided by the input angular speed. You specify a range of speed ratio values from 0 up to, but not including, 1.
Rω = min[ωI/ωT, ωT/ωI]
The torque ratio Rτ is the output torque divided by the input torque.
Rτ = τoutput / τinput
The capacity factor K is the input speed divided by the square root of the input torque.
K = max[ωI, ωT] / √τinput,
τinput is the torque flowing into the shaft with the larger speed, and τoutput is the torque flowing into the shaft with the smaller speed.
*A torque converter is a modified form of a hydrodynamic fluid coupling, and like the fluid coupling, is used to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, such as an internal combustion engine or electric motor, to a rotating driven load. As with the fluid coupling, the torque converter takes the place of a mechanical clutch. Unlike a fluid coupling, however, a torque converter is able to multiply torque when there is a substantial difference between input and output rotational speed, thus providing the equivalent of a reduction gear.
the principle involved is the relationship between how power (torque) and speed (rotational speed in your transmission) relate to contribute to total work done.
They measure inversely for a constant amout of work or energy conversion. So you can increase the power by slowing down the speed and vice versa. Consider in this scenario of high power, low speed, that the effort is being spread over a long time interval so the amount of work done per revolution is very high.
Basically, the torque (rotation of the drive disc from the engine cam-shaft) in the oil-filled transmission casing (a heavy transmission oil), is transferred to the transmission disc by friction of the oil between them.
The transmission disc rotation (torque) drives the drive shaft to the differential gear to the wheels.
The operation of the gear change mechanism changes the torque and therefore the rotational speed of the drive shaft by increasing or decreasing the distance between the two discs.
A fluid type torque converter consists of two impellers. As the speed of one of then increases, the motion is transmitted through the fluid between them
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