What are the advantages is using porcelain long rod insulators instead of porcelain disk insulators?
Answer:
I see no practical advantage in using long rod insulators. Of course, they would be easier to clean, but would have to be longer than disk insulators in order to get a long enough surface path.
They probably resist bending better, and may be less expensive at moderate voltage levels. I don't actually know much about them, but form observation, I see rod insulators on disconnects where the insulator is moved when the device is operated, it seems to me I mostly see disk insulators in static vertical applications.
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