Gas District System = District Cooling system?
how it's function.
what is the benefit of this system comparative with other?
Answer:
The term "Gas District System" (apart from its use in the US to name semi-municipal utilities - a quite unrelated use) appears to have been coined by Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), the national oil corporation of Malaysia.
In company literature, Petronas uses the term "Gas District System" and "Gas District Cooling System" (GDCS) interchangeably. The latter term seems to be the most widely used. A GDCS is defined as a "system (which) uses natural gas to produce chilled water for air conditioning together with co-generation in an integrated energy system." This is generally known as "Combined Cooling Heat and Power".
The system burns natural gas (mainly methane) in gas turbines. Electricity is generated and the surplus heat output is used to chill water or a water/glycol mix. The chiller system uses absorption coolers, which use heat energy, instead of electric energy, to power the refrigeration process.
Using heat to cool buildings may sound counter-intuitive, but absorption chilling has been used for decades to provide air-conditioning via absorption cooling. The great advantage is that the energy used is the waste heat byproduct of the electricity generation process that would otherwise be discarded.
Air conditioning that’s virtually electricity-free is an excellent way to cut operating costs. And by providing this on a district basis, the capital cost of HVAC systems in each building is converted into an operating expense for building owners - significantly reducing the capital cost of the building.
So, essentially "free" waste heat from co-generation is used to provide district cooling, significantly reducing capital costs and producing fewer pollutants (NOx Emissions @ 15% O2 < 5 ppmvd). Note that natural gas is a fossil fuel, and burning it releases carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into the environment. These are major contributors to global warming.
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