Why is there a difference between domestic and commercial/industrial electrical supply?
Answer:
Because of the amount of power required to run industrial and commercial machinery - normal domestic supply isn't up to the job, so most businesses run on 3-phase.
Don't ask me what that means, I can't remember!
Commercial and industrial uses higher voltage ,amperage ...
you grandmothers nursing home diaper . she took a huge dump in it. what a **** face.
A lot of industries and commercial concerns use 3 phase supply of electricity which can give higher voltages and much more current than domestic supplies. There is a vast difference between the equipment used domestically and that in a factory etc. The commercial type of supply would be completely unnecessary in a domestic house .
It's all about power when it comes to electricity, Because the industrial needs are more than domestic, Industrial power require a 3 phase supply (This is a polyphase system used to power stuff like motors or anything that requires enough juice that the domestic supply cannot satisfy) In a three-phase system, three circuit conductors carry three alternating currents (of the same frequency) which reach their instantaneous peak values at different times. Taking one conductor as the reference, the other two currents are delayed in time by one-third and two-thirds of one cycle of the electrical current. This delay between "phases" has the effect of giving constant power transfer over each cycle of the current, and also makes it possible to produce a rotating magnetic field in an electric motor.
On the other hand, most domestic electrical & electronic devices actually use DC internally but has AC supplied and converted, DC voltages are quite low and can be easily satisfied by single phase power supply.
The difference is on the power demanded by whatever is using it, more demand = more supply
Because industrial power sources
need the maximum possible efficiency
in their motors and generators.
So they use 150,000 V transmission lines.
Which is impractical for commercial use,
and too much like lightning to be of
use in refrigerators.
And stove voltage is of no use at all
in TV's, sattelites, telephones, and cars.
I'm based in the UK.
Usually most domestic appliances run on 240 volt single phase supply.
Some industrial equipment such as the equipment in my lab at work - it uses 415 volt 3 phase supply.
On building sites they have to step down the voltage using transformers to a 115 volt single phase supply.
Other commercial industries could potentially use supply's well over 1000 volts especially in manufacturing.
The difference in domestic and commercial electrical supply is due to the differences in demands. Domestic or Residential demands are usually for small loads with low amounts of inrush current (respectively). Industrial loads are typically much higher.
Residential currents are in the 100 amp or less range with voltages (depending on the country you live) in the 100 to 240 volt range. Residential power is typically delivered by 1 live wire and a neutral (in the united states two hots). Another reason Residential voltages are less is because of the higher degree of safety we want in our homes and near our children if we, God forbid, come in contact for any reason.
Industrial Current ranges can be from a few hundred amps to thousands of amps with voltages typically from 240 to 2400 volts, configured in a three phase array.
Since industry utilizes more power to drive larger equipment, the advantages of 3 phase power become very important. 3 Phase is supplied by 3 live wires. The combination of these three 'legs' as they are called can provide the ability to transmit 73% (it may be more than this but it's late and my Ugly's reference is in my office) more power as two wires of the same size. This means that you pay 50% more for wire, but can transmit 73% more power compared to a circuit of the same size wire utilizing single phase power. This can be a cost benifit savings when wiring an industrial facility as the cost of copper wiring is expensive.
3 phase motors typically have much higher efficiency ratings, much higher starting torques, higher power density, and a lower incidence of failure than do single phase motors. Simply put, a 3 phase motor is simpler and has fewer components to fail than does a single phase motor.
Three phase power also means that motors can easily be reversed for industrial applications that require conveyors, drums or other motor driven devices to reverse directions easily and often. Single phase motors do not perform well or for long periods of time in these types of situation. Three phase equipment also allows for easy process control by hooking up variable frequency drives that carefully control the motor driven equipment to the correct speed, torque, stall values, etc...
Standard 3 phase voltages also have the advantage of giving single phase power if need be. This means that single phase power is available in any facility equipped with 3 phase, but not vise-versa. Typically combining a hot leg from the three phase with the neutral will give a 'residential' voltage of 100-240 volts (depending on the country and type of 3 phase)
There are several types of commonly used 3 phase for light industry.
-208 volt 3 phase "Y" 240 volt 3 phase or 480 volt 3 phase 'delta' in the US delivered at 60 cycles/second
-380 volt 3 phase "Y" commonly used in India/Nepal delivered at 50 cycles per second
-415 volt 3 phase "Y" commonly used in asia, austrailia, pacific islands, europe, sometimes seen in India, africa, etc.. and is delivered at 50 cycles per second.
voltage, and phase. as electrisity is transmitted at about 313Kv it is then dropped to lower usable voltages, normal is 240v but ind can get 415v etc. Different phase amounts are used 3,5 etc.
industry also gets charged for their overall power factor , either leading or lagging current supply.
It is the cost that is different.
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