What is smoke?
Answer:
smoke is made up of the unburned products of combustion.
Smoke consists of tiny particles of carbon dispersed in a gas or a mixture of gases.
a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas
a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion; "the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles"
an indication of some hidden activity; "with all that smoke there must be a fire somewhere"
something with no concrete substance; "his dreams all turned to smoke"; "it was just smoke and mirrors"
roll of tobacco: tobacco leaves that have been made into a cylinder
pot: street names for marijuana
the act of smoking tobacco or other substances; "he went outside for a smoke"; "smoking stinks"
inhale and exhale smoke from cigarettes, cigars, pipes; "We never smoked marijuana"; "Do you smoke?"
fastball: (baseball) a pitch thrown with maximum velocity; "he swung late on the fastball"; "he showed batters nothing but smoke"
fume: emit a cloud of fine particles; "The chimney was fuming"
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/web...
Smoke is a suspension in air of small particles resulting from incomplete combustion of a fuel. It is commonly an unwanted by-product of fires (including in stoves, lamp) and fireplaces, but may also be used for pest control, communication (smoke signals) or inhalation. Smoke sometimes also is a component of internal combustion engine exhaust gas, particularly diesel exhaust.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke
Smoke is an American motion picture released in 1995. It was produced by Harvey Weinstein and directed by Wayne Wang and Paul Auster. Among others, it features Harvey Keitel, William Hurt, Victor Argo, Stockard Channing and Harold Perrineau, Jr.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_(m...
Smoke is an album by Paul Kelly and Melbourne bluegrass band, Uncle Bill. It was originally released in 1999.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_(a...
Smoke also known as Unit LK7T2, is a fictional character in the Mortal Kombat video game franchise.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_(M...
To expose fresh food to smoke from a wood fire for a prolonged period of time. Traditionally used for preservation purposes, smoking is now a means of giving flavor to food. Smoking tends to dry the food, kills bacteria, deepens color and gives food a smoky flavor. The duration of smoking varies from 20 minutes to several days. The most commonly used woods are beech, oak and chestnut to which aromatic essences are often added. Small home smokers are now available.
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A suspension in the air of small particles produced by combustion. A transition to haze may occur when smoke particles have traveled a great distance (25 to 100 miles or more) and when the larger particles have settled out and the remaining particles have become widely scattered through the atmosphere.
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Small gas borne particles of carbon or soot, less than 1 micron in size, resulting from incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials and of sufficient number to be observable.
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a smell like smoke from burning plants or wood. This is likely caused when the raw rubber tree sap was turned into a solid round block by a primitive process of drying it on a spit over an open fire ("smoking"). But because latex easily attracts foreign smells, it can be also caused by contact with eg tobacco smoke from the lung torpedoes of rubber factory workers.
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to preserve meat or fish by slowly drying in the smoke of a fragrant hard-wood fire.
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Smoke is caused by forest fires or other human-related environmental factors. Visibility will be reduced.
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Evocative of the flavor of smoke. Sometimes this is peat smoke, but other times the smoke is reminiscent of bonfires, leaf fires, log fireplaces, cigar tobacco, pipe tobacco, or something else.
www.mcgees.org/popupmaltglossa...
A cat that has a dark or coloured top coat, which is white or silver at the roots.
www.flippyscatpage.com/glossar...
1. Foreign particulate matter in the atmosphere resulting from combustion processes; a type of lithometeor. When smoke is present, the disk of the sun at sunrise and sunset appears very red, and during the daytime has a reddish tinge. Smoke that has come a great distance from its source, such as from forest fires, usually has a light grayish or bluish color and is evenly distributed in the upper air. See smog, haze. 2. Applied to some types of fog. See sea smoke.
amsglossary.allenpress.com/glo...
Smoke grenades were the size and shape of a beer can with a grenade fuse stuck in the top. When "discharged," thick, colored smoke poured out of a hole in the bottom. Smoke was used to mark landing zones for helicopters in the daytime. As I recall, smoke came in purple, white, red, green and yellow. Mortar and artillery shells could also provide smoke for concealment, but I never saw any used in Vietnam.
capmarine.com/cap/glossary.htm
A special kind of aerosol that results from a thermal process such as combustion or thermal decomposition; the aerosol may be of solid particles or of liquid droplets.
www.ucalgary.ca/~schramm/aeros...
A particulate of solid or liquid particles dispersed into the air on the battlefield to degrade enemy ground and aerial observation. Smoke has many uses--screening smoke, signaling smoke, smoke curtain, smoke haze, and smoke deception. Thus it is an artificial aerosol.
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means gas-borne particles resulting from incomplete combustion, consisting predominantly, but not exclusively, of carbon, and other combustible material, or ash, that form a visible plume in the air.
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Combustion particles in the air giving it a smell and reducing visibility.
www.stuffintheair.com/Blowin_i...
Term used to refer to diesel exhaust which looks black and smokey, rather than clear, because of the presence of unburnt fuel oil. Smoke in exhaust of a cold engine is not abnormal as full combustion of fuel is often achieved only when an engine reaches normal working temperature. ...
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Airborne carbon particles mixed with sulfuric acid. Smoke is an irritant to the eyes and poisonous to houseplants if not removed from the home.
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Solid black or gray, but the roots of the hairs are distinctly white
www.persian-cats.com/glossary.
to hit the target so hard it disintegrates into a puff of smoke.
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A system, produced by combustion, pyrolysis or chemical reaction of substances, which release visible and invisible gaseous solid and liquid particles into the air. Smoke is usually of sufficient concentration to reduce perception and visibility.
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a pale blue.
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Particles suspended in air after incomplete combustion.
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a cat with a solid black or gray coat, but the coat is white at the roots
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A coat that appears to be solidly colored until it is parted, revealing that the color extends no more than two-thirds of the way down the shaft of each hair. The remaining hair to the base should be pure white.
CO2 and water vapour, no smoke without fire
Smoke is the airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases evolved when a material undergoes pyrolysis or combustion, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. It is commonly an unwanted by-product of fires (including stoves and lamps) and fireplaces, but may also be used for pest control (cf. fumigation), communication (smoke signals), defense (smoke-screen) or inhalation of tobacco or other drugs. Smoke is sometimes used as a flavouring agent and preservative for various foodstuffs. Smoke is also sometimes a component of internal combustion engine exhaust gas, particularly diesel exhaust.
Smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death in victims of indoor fires. The smoke kills by a combination of thermal damage, poisoning and pulmonary irritation caused by carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and other combustion products.
Smoke particles are actually an aerosol (or mist) of solid particles and liquid droplets that are close to the ideal range of sizes for Mie scattering of visible light. This effect has been likened to three-dimensional textured privacy glass—the smoke cloud does not obstruct an image, but thoroughly scrambles it.
The composition of smoke depends on the nature of the burning fuel and the conditions of combustion.
Fires with high availability of oxygen burn in high temperature and with small amount of smoke produced; the particles are mostly composed of ash, or in large temperature differences, of condensed aerosol of water. High temperature also leads to production of nitrogen oxides. Sulfur content yields sulfur dioxide. Carbon and hydrogen get completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. Fires burning with lack of oxygen produce significantly wider palette of compounds, many of them toxic. Partial oxidation of carbon produces carbon monoxide, nitrogen-containing materials can yield hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and nitrogen oxides. Content of chlorine (eg. in polyvinyl chloride) or other halogens may lead to production of eg. hydrogen chloride, phosgene, dioxin, and chloromethane, bromomethane and other halocarbons.
Pyrolysis of the burning material also results in production of large amount of hydrocarbons, both aliphatic (methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene) and aromatic (benzene and its derivates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; eg. benzo[a]pyrene, studied as a cancerogen, or retene), terpenes. Heterocyclic compounds may be also present. Heavier hydrocarbons may condense as tar.
Presence of sulfur can lead to formation of eg. hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and thiols; especially thiols tend to get adsorbed on surfaces and produce lingering odor even long after the fire. Partial oxidation of the released hydrocarbons yields in a wide palette of other compounds: aldehydes (eg. formaldehyde, acrolein, and furfural), ketones, alcohols (often aromatic, eg. phenol, guaiacol, syringol, catechol, and cresols), carboxylic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, etc.).
The visible particles in such smokes are most commonly composed of carbon (soot). Other particulates may be composed of drops of condensed tar, or solid particles of ash. Content of metals yields particles of metal oxides. Particles of inorganic salts may also be formed, eg. ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate. Many organic compounds, typically the aromatic hydrocarbons, may be also adsorbed on the surface of the solid particles.
Smoke emissions may contain characteristic trace elements. Vanadium is present in emissions from oil fired power plants and refineries; oil plants also emit some nickel. Coal combustion produces emissions containing selenium, arsenic, chromium, cobalt, copper, and aluminium.
Some components of smoke are characteristic for the combustion source. Guaiacol and its derivates are products of pyrolysis of lignin and are characteristic for wood smoke; other markers are syringol and derivates, and other methoxy phenols. Retene, a product of pyrolysis of conifer trees, is an indicator of forest fires. Levoglucosan is a pyrolysis product of cellulose. Hardwood vs softwood smokes differ in the ratio of guaiacols/syringols. Markers for vehicle exhaust include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hopanes, steranes, and specific nitroarenes (eg. 1-nitropyrene). The ratio of hopanes and steranes to elemental carbon can be used to distinguish between emissions of gasoline and diesel engines. [1]
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